His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Answer. Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. For 56 years, The Journal of Asian Studies has been Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian.
Who translated Ramayana into Persian language? - Toppr Ask In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army.
[18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. ). It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. He showed shockingly progressed specialised mastery for the time in his anxiety for offbeat sources. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. Total loading time: 0 Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. 2011 Duke University Press Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. He erected a monument at. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. He was known for his religious tolerance. Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. Omissions? But with a small army, he fought and defeated the whole army of Kashgar. The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Sanskrit
Persian Literature During Delhi Sultanate - MCQ Books Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Book VII brings the narrative to the death of King Harsha (1101), and Book VIII deals with the stormy events between the death of Harsha and the stabilization of authority under Kalhanas contemporary Jayasimha (reigned 112849). This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king.
Who translated Ramayana into Persian? - Vedantu But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Her son was Chippatajayapida. ): "This [king], who did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers". Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. Kalhana was a poet. (I.191) He belonged to. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? Request Permissions. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Verse 7. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty?
Rajatarangini - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core orders. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. Hence the correct answer is Option B. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. Kalhana describes the rules of Toramana and, After the Huna, Meghavahana of the Gonandiya family was brought back from. He was (I.191) the first of his race. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. Abu l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state Wife of Damodara. Answer. section. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. After this battle, the regions of Ladakh and Baltistan which were under the rule of Kashgar came under the rule of Shah Miris.Sultan also marched towards Delhi and the army of Feroz Shah Tughlaq opposed him at the banks of River Satluj.
Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd You can try more lenient search to get some results. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? Deposed by the minister Shura. Corrections? Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in Harsha of Kashmir's court.
The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was .
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